These changes are disrupting traditional growing conditions and encouraging the emergence of new pests and diseases as agroecosystems evolve. At the same time, the geography of viticulture could shift, with wine production expanding into other regions.

Research in this field focuses on developing vineyard management practices that mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses, and on utilising predictive climate modelling to anticipate and manage climate-related risks.

Together, these efforts aim to preserve both grape yield and wine quality in an increasingly unpredictable climate.